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SAT 美国历史 | ​简要美国历史事件回顾(七)

2017-07-19 09:12:06发布 阅读量:1063

二次大战后至今(1940s-至今)的美国简要历史

American History from 1940s to now


一、Origins of the Cold War冷战的起源
1.  time and origin 时间和起源

Cold War began with the ending of the WWII; Causes: caused by conflicts between the U.S. and the S.U. arose basicallyfrom their separate concepts of postwar world order; the different policy:During the Cold War, the U.S. government would support any country which saidit was fighting against communism. And the Soviet Union believed it shouldrapidly build up its strength for the final struggle against capitalism.
二战结束后,美苏之间的冲突基本源于他们对战后世界秩序的不同看法和不同政策。在冷战期间,美国政府支持任何一个表示反对共产主义的国家。苏联相信必须迅速增强自己的实力,同资本主义做最后的抗争。
2.  containment policy 遏制政策

GeorgeKennan proposed the containment policy on February 22,1946 and the containmentpolicy became the official policy towards the Soviet Union until 1989.
1946年2月22日,美国驻苏联大使乔治·凯南在他的电报中主张对苏联采取遏制政策。此后遏制政策作为美国对苏联的官方政策。


二.  The Truman Doctrine and the Marshall Plan杜鲁门主义和马歇尔计划。
1.  the Truman Doctrine 杜鲁门主义

U.S government should support anycountry which said it was fighting against commuism. It was put forward by theU.S. President Truman in 1947
杜鲁门主义是美国政府会支持任何一个表示反对共产主义的国家。这是美国总统杜鲁门1947年提出的
2.  The Marshall Plan马歇尔计划

In order to protect Western Europe from possible Sovietexpansion, the U.S. decided to offer Western European countries economic aid.It was announced by Secretary of State George Marshall on June 5, 1947.
马歇尔计划是为了保护西欧不受苏联扩张影响,美国决定给予西欧国家经济支援,这是由国务卿马歇尔于1947提出的。


三、Effects of McCarthyism 麦卡锡主义

From 1950 to 1954, McCarthy used “biglie”tactic to persecute progressive people. He said hehad the names of over 200 Communists in the State Department. His lies causedfull-scale, anti-Communist hysteria in America and frightened a large number ofordinary Americans.
麦卡锡用弥天大谎这一伎俩迫害进步改革人士。他声称掌握了200共产党人的名单。他的谎言过于极端,反对共产党人的歇斯底里导致美国民众的极度恐慌。 


四、the postwar boom in the U.S.战后美国繁荣

Since 1945 theU.S. had entered a twenty-five years economic boom. The cornerstones were the automobile,housing and defence industries. During this period, the economy grew at anaverage rate of 3.5 percent per year. The nation’s GNProse from just over $200 billion in 1946 to close to $1 trillion in 1970.Crucial to the postwar economic boom was the baby boom—theupsurge in births and military spending. More than 63 million babies were bornbetween 1946 and 1961 in theU.S. and this increased consumption.
自1945年以来,美国经济进入了长达25年的繁荣期,经济繁荣的表现为为汽车和国防工业的发展。这期间,经济以平均每年3.5%增长。国民生产总值从1946年的稍高于量千亿美元增长到1970年的近壹万亿美元。对战后经济增长至关重要的是生育高峰和军队开支。6350万以上的婴儿在1946年到1961年出生。

五、U.S China relations from 1949 to 1972 新中国成立到1972年的中美关系
1.  U.S. support of Chiang Kai-shek 美国支持台湾的蒋介石

The Taiwan problemwas been a key problem in U.S – China relations. TheU.S. provided Chiang with military aid.

美国一度给台湾当局提供军事援助,是影响中美关系的因素。
2.  Change in U.S policy towards China中美关系的改变

After Nixon’visit in1972, U.S. started to change its policy toward China.尼克松访华后中美关系发生改变。

3.  normalization and remaining problems关系正常化和现存问题

Soon after the establishmentof diplomatic relations with China in 1979, the U.S. Congress adopted theTaiwan Relations Act which violate the spirit of the agreement for theestablishment of diplomatic relations.   
中美在1979年中美建交后,美国国会颁布台湾关系法。

After Watergateincidence, President Nixon resigned, and followed by President Ford, Carter,George Herbert Walker Bush, Clinton,George W. Bush and Obama.   

尼克松在水门事件后下台,后面美国又经历了福特、卡特、里根、老布什、克林顿、小布什和奥巴马总统的时代。同学们也需要对他们有基本了解。

 

SAT考试美国历史的重要事件回顾集今天要跟大家告别啦,离别之际送给大家一波彩蛋~

附: SAT美国历史复习大纲

1607,第一批英国移民来到Jameston

1620,Pilgrims和《Mayflower Compact》

殖民地的生活概述:政治、经济、宗教

Roger Williams和Anne  Hutchinson

大觉醒运动(The First Great Awakening)

Virtual Representation

波士顿倾茶事件(Boston Tea Party)

约翰洛克 托马斯潘恩(John Locke & Thomas Paine

独立宣言(Declaration of Independence

《联邦条例》(Articles of Confederation

《权利法案》(Bill of Rights

西进运动(Westward Movement

门罗主义(Monroe Doctrine)

美墨之战(The Mexican War)

罗伯特 格兰特将军(Robert Lee & Grant

门户开放政策(Open Door Policy

垄断资本主义与工会的兴起进步主义时代(Progressive Era

经济大萧条(Great Depression

罗斯福新政(The Roosevelt New Deal

冷战(Cold War

马歇尔计划(The Marshall Plan

杜鲁门主义(Truman Doctrine

水门事件(Water Gate Scandal

 

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