第一次世界大战（1900s-1930s）的简要美国历史

American History from 1900s to 1930s

一、Role of the U.S. in WWI  美国在第一次世界大战中的作用
At the beginning of the war,Wilson said American policy was neutrality, But in fact it pursued a policy ofpro-Ally partiality. American declared war on Germany on April 6, 1917.ThePeace Conference, the Paris Conference, began on January 18, 1919. Theconference was actually a conference of division of colonies of Germany,Austro-Hungary and the Ottoman Empire and the grabbing of as much as possiblefrom the defeated nations. The result of the Paris Conference was the emergenceof the Versailles Treaty System in Europe.
战争初期，威尔逊声明美国中立，但事实上采用了亲同盟国的偏狭政策。美国于1917年4月6日对德宣战。1919年1月18日,巴黎和会召开，这个会议实质上是瓜分德国，奥匈帝国，奥斯曼帝国殖民地，尽可能掠夺战败国。巴黎和会的结果是欧洲凡尔赛条约体系的出现。

二、Characteristics of the 1920s  美国在20世纪20年代的特点
The 1920s in the U.S. has beendescribed by many historians as a period of material success and spiritualfrustration or confusion and purposelessness.the war changed the U.S. from adebtor nation into a creditor. There was further urbanization, new developmentof technology and mass production. The 1920s in the U.S. has been described asa period of material success andspiritual frustration. More people had cars.The government gave help to industry and business. There existed a highlyaggressive and intolerant nationalism. There was the Red Scare in 1919 and 1920. There was the revival of the Ku Klux Klan which claimed a membership of 5million.
20世纪20年代的美国被很多历史学家描绘成一个物质丰厚而精神崩溃和迷惘的年代。战争将美国从债务国变成债权国。这个时期的特点是：都市化、科技快速发展、大规模生使更多人拥有汽车，同时政府扶植工业和商业。在这一时期产生了一种激进、偏狭的民族主义。一是1919年到1920年的‘红色恐怖’,二是三K党反动组织的复兴，其宣布已有5百万党员。

三、the Great Depression(1929-1937) and the New Deal 大萧条和新政
1.  lack of regulation 政府缺少监督和控制
There is no regulation or control over various kinds ofinvestment companies. The banking system lacked stability. Stock marketspeculation and over expansion of credit are rampant. Stock market crash in1929: America’s stock market crash came on October24,1929, called the black Thursday
政府没有对各种投资公司进行调节与控制。银行系统缺乏稳定性。股票市场的投机与信贷过度膨胀。1929年10月24日股票崩盘，被称为黑色星期四。
2.  the shrinkage of GNP 国民生产总值急速下降
The gross national product (GNP) shrank from $87 billionin 1929 to $41 billion in 1933. The unemployed went up; Misery and personalsufferings were widespread.
国民生产总值从1929年的870亿降到1933年的410亿美元。失业率增加，不幸和痛苦到处可见。

四、Franklin Roosevelt and the New Deal 富兰克林·罗斯福与其新经济政策
1.  the presidency of FDR 富兰克林·罗斯福
Franklin Roosevelt became the U.S. president in 1932. Hehad a sure sense of what seemed practical or possible. He was a greatcommunicator, able to talk to people in all walks of life. His “fireside chats”over the radio werelistened to by millions of people.
富兰克林·罗斯福于1932年成为美国总统，他能准确辨别什么是现实的或可行的。他是一个伟大的交际者，能够和各界人士有效对话。他通过无线电播出的“炉边谈话”拥有数百万的听众。
2.  the New Deal 新经济政策
Measure of the New Deal include establishment andstrengthening of government regulation and control of banking; Federalgovernment management of relief and security system; recovery of industry andagriculture; passage of federal labour laws; improvement of the situation ofminorities and members of certain religious groups. These measures, was to “save American democracy”.and helpovercome the most serious economic crisis of the capitalist system up to thattime.
罗斯福新政：建立和加强政府对银行的管理和控制;联邦政府对救济进行管理，建立社会救济保障体系;刺激工农业的复苏;通过劳工法;改善少数民族和某些宗教团体成员的状况。这些措施的目的是“拯救美国的民主”，帮助美国克服了当时资本主义所经历的最严重的经济危机。

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