昨天SAT老师为大家介绍了殖民地时期（1492-1763）的简要美国历史，今天我们来看看经历了独立战争后的美国历史又是怎样的呢。

独立战争时期（1775-1787）的简要美国历史

American History from 1775 to 1787  

一.  The American War ofIndependence and its consequences.美国独立战争极其影响

1.  the causes 独立战争的原因
With the development of economy, the people in thecolonies wanted more power to determine their own business. But the policy ofthe British government was to bring the development under control and collectmore taxes from the colonies.
随着经济的发展，殖民地人民要求拥有更多的自决权。而英国政府的政策是要把经济发展控于股掌，并向殖民地征收更多的税

2.  the Boston Tea Party 波士顿倾茶事件 
In 1773, several dozen Boston residents dressed asIndians boarded the ships of the British East India Company and threw the teainto the harbor. 
1773年，几十名波士顿居民化装成印第安人，登上英国东印度公司的船，将茶叶倾入海中。

3.  the First continental Congress第一届大陆会议
In September 1774, the First Continental Congress washeld in Philadelphia which encouraged Americans to refuse to bry British goods.
1774年9月，在费城召开第一届大陆会议，鼓励美国人抵制英货。

4.   Lexington and Concord 莱克星顿和康克特
The War of Independence began at there in 1775.
美国的独立战争1775年开始于在莱克星顿和康克特

5.  The Second Continental Congress 第二次大陆会议
It was held three weeks after the battle at Lexington in1775. A Continental Army and Navy under the command of Washington was founded;a committee to draft a formal declaration was appointed (Thomas Jefferson wasthe man who draft it), the Declaration of Independence was adopted on July 4,1776.

第二次大陆会议在1775年的莱克星顿战役三周之后召开。会议后，美国建立了大陆军和海军，任命华盛顿为总司令；指定了一个委员会负责起草一份正式宣言（由托马斯·杰斐逊起草）。1776年6月4日，通过了独立宣言。
6.   the origin of The Declaration 独立宣言的理论起源
The Declaration is a clear explanation of the politicaltheory behind the revolution and this theory came from the British philosopherJohn Locke.
独立宣言清晰地解释了指导这场革命的政治理论，这一理论源于英国哲学家约翰·洛克。
7.   The consequences 独立宣言的意义
IN September,1783, the Treaty of Paris was signed.Britain recognized the independence of the United States; the war was from 1775to 1781, it shows that, in a just war,a weak nation can defeat a strong one.American people gained independence and capitalism developed in America. Italso had great international influence.
1783年9月，《巴黎条约》签署，英国承认美国独立；战争从1775年开始到1781年结束，这表明在一场正义的战争中，弱者可以战胜强者。美国人民获得了独立，资本主义得到发展，这同时具有深远的国际影响。

二.  Establishment of a federal form of government 联邦政府的建立

1.  The Articles of Confederation was unusual 邦联条款的意义
1) it provided for no king;
2) while the Articles created a central government in theform of a Congress, the emphasis was still on state powers.
3) the Articles of Confederation was a writtenconstitution for the U.S，but there were seriousweaknesses, it was difficult to carry on the business of the government withoutsomeone to do the executive’s job. Congress was toolarge a body to function as government. And Congress had no power to raisetaxes. A conference was held in Philadelphia in May 1787 to consider whatshould be done to make the Articles of Confederation adequate.    
十三州邦联条款的不同之处在于：

1）没有采用君主立宪制；

2）确立了国会形式的中央政府，但仍以州治为主；

3）邦联条款是美国十三州形成的具有宪法意义的明文法律文件，但也存在严重缺陷：政府无人主持行政工作，政府事务很难执行。国会体制庞大，无法起到政府职能，国会无权提高税收。1787年5月于费城召开了一次大会，讨论如何改进十三州联邦宪法。
2.  The Great Compromise 折中方案
On July 16,1787，the Great Comproise was realized. It gave each state anequal vote in the Senate but making representation in the House reflect thesize of each state’s population.
1787年7月16日出台的折中方案，赋予各州在参议院中同样的选举权,而众议院中的代表人数则根据各州的人口决定。
3.  The Bill of Rights 人权法案
In 1791, the Bill of Right became the first tenamendments to the constitution of the American constitutional—theBill of Rights. By then, it is agreed, the foundation of the Americanconstitutional system was completed.
1791年《人权法案》通过，并成为对《宪法》最早的十项修正案。一般认为至此美国宪法体制的建立全部完成。
4.  the first Congress and the first President 第一个国会和第一任总统
The firstCongress met in New York In 1789 and the first President was Washington.
第一任总统华盛顿，第一届议会1789年在纽约召开。

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